Conceptual Questions

1. Explain why heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cold body to a hot body.
2. Discuss the difference between heat and work in thermodynamic systems.
3. Why is the efficiency of real engines always less than the Carnot efficiency?
4. Describe the significance of entropy in predicting the direction of processes.
5. Explain how the first law of thermodynamics applies to an isolated system.
6. Why is specific heat important when analyzing heat transfer problems?
7. How does the concept of reversible and irreversible processes affect the work output of engines?
8. Describe an everyday application where the second law of thermodynamics is evident.