Biology – Scheme of Work (Grades 9–12)

Grade 9 Biology

Term 1: Introduction & Cell Biology

  • Nature of Biology, lab safety, microscopes
  • Cell structure, organelles, and cell theory
  • Cell membrane, transport, mitosis basics

Term 2: Genetics & Ecology

  • Introduction to genetics: Mendelian inheritance
  • Variation, adaptation, and natural selection basics
  • Ecology: ecosystems, food chains, energy flow

Term 3: Human Body & Plants

  • Plant structure, photosynthesis, reproduction basics
  • Human body systems: circulatory, respiratory, digestive
  • Practical skills & end-of-year assessments

Grade 10 Biology

Term 1: Cells & Biochemistry

  • Biochemical molecules: carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
  • Cell processes: respiration, photosynthesis, enzymes
  • Cell division: mitosis & meiosis basics

Term 2: Genetics & Evolution

  • DNA, RNA, protein synthesis
  • Genetic inheritance, Punnett squares, mutations
  • Evolutionary processes and natural selection

Term 3: Human Physiology & Ecology

  • Human systems: nervous, endocrine, immune
  • Population ecology, conservation, human impact
  • Practical experiments & assessments

Grade 11 Biology

Term 1: Biochemistry & Cells

  • Advanced cell structure and organelles
  • Enzyme kinetics and metabolic pathways
  • Transport mechanisms & cell communication

Term 2: Genetics & Molecular Biology

  • DNA replication, transcription, translation
  • Genetic engineering and biotechnology intro
  • Population genetics and evolutionary theory

Term 3: Human Systems & Ecology

  • Human systems: circulatory, respiratory, excretory, reproductive
  • Ecosystem dynamics, energy flow, nutrient cycles
  • Practical work, projects, and exams

Grade 12 Biology

Term 1: Molecular Biology & Biochemistry

  • Advanced biochemistry: proteins, enzymes, metabolism
  • Cellular respiration & photosynthesis in depth
  • Molecular genetics & gene regulation

Term 2: Physiology & Biotechnology

  • Human systems: nervous, endocrine, immune, reproductive advanced
  • Biotechnology: cloning, CRISPR, genetic engineering applications
  • Environmental biology & bioethics

Term 3: Ecology, Evolution & Review

  • Advanced ecology: ecosystems, populations, biodiversity, conservation
  • Evolution, speciation, phylogenetics
  • Final assessments, practicals & capstone projects